Universal ultra-robust interrogation protocol with zero probe-field-induced frequency shift for quantum clocks and high-accuracy spectroscopy

摘要

Optical clock interrogation protocols, based on laser-pulse spectroscopy, aresuffering from probe-induced frequency shifts and their variations induced bylaser power. Original Hyper-Ramsey probing scheme, which was proposed toalleviate those issues, does not fully eliminate the shift, especially whendecoherence and relaxation by spontaneous emission or collisions are present.We propose to solve the fundamental problem of frequency shifts induced bylaser probe by deriving the exact canonical form of a multi-pulse generalizedHyper-Ramsey (GHR) resonance, including decoherence and relaxation. We presenta universal interrogation protocol based on composite laser-pulses spectroscopywith phase-modulation eliminating probe-induced frequency shifts at all ordersin presence of various dissipative processes. Unlike frequency shiftsextrapolation-based methods, a universal interrogation protocol based on$\pm\pi/4$ and $\pm3\pi/4$ phase-modulated resonances is proposed which doesnot compromise the stability of the optical clock while maintaining anultra-robust error signal gradient in presence of substantial uncompensated acStark-shifts. Such a scheme can be implemented in two flavours: either byinverting clock state initialization or by pulse order reversal even without aperfect quantum state initialization. This universal interrogation protocol canbe applied to atomic, molecular and nuclear frequency metrology, massspectrometry and to the field of precision spectroscopy. It might be designedusing magic-wave induced transitions, two-photon excitation andmagnetically-induced spectroscopy or it might even be implemented with quantumlogic gate circuit and qubit entanglement.